| Bacteria and other microorganisms |
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Naming and classifying Microorganisms:
Scientific nomenclature assigns each organism two names the genus is the first name and is always capitalized
the specific epithet (species) follows is not capitalized scientific names can among other thing, describe the
organism, Honor a researcher, or identify habitat of the species.
Exp. Staphylococcus aurous. Commonly found on the skin
staphylo :Describe the cluster arrangement of the cells.
coccus :Indicates that they shaped like spheres.
aureus :Specific epithet is Latin for golden.
Exp. Escherichia coli:
Is named for a scientist (Theodor Escherich)
coli: specific epithet remind us the E.coli live in the colon or in large intestine.
In 1969, Robert Whittaker diversed a 5 kingdom classification system that is based on
cellular organization and nutritional patterns of organisms.
- Procaryotae or Monera (Eubacteria and Archaeobacteria)
- Protista (slim mold , protozoa’s , & some algae)
- Fungi: (unicellular yeast’s, multi cellular molds, & mushrooms).
- Plantae (some algae and all mosses ، ،ferns ،Conifer ،and flowering plants)
- Animalia (including, among others, sponges, worms, insects, vertebrates)
Scientific nomenclature assigns each organism two names the genus is the first name and is always capitalized
the specific epithet (species) follows is not capitalized scientific names can among other thing, describe the
organism, Honor a researcher, or identify habitat of the species.
Exp. Staphylococcus aurous. Commonly found on the skin
staphylo :Describe the cluster arrangement of the cells.
coccus :Indicates that they shaped like spheres.
aureus :Specific epithet is Latin for golden.
Exp. Escherichia coli:
Is named for a scientist (Theodor Escherich)
coli: specific epithet remind us the E.coli live in the colon or in large intestine.
In 1969, Robert Whittaker diversed a 5 kingdom classification system that is based on
cellular organization and nutritional patterns of organisms.
- Procaryotae or Monera (Eubacteria and Archaeobacteria)
- Protista (slim mold , protozoa’s , & some algae)
- Fungi: (unicellular yeast’s, multi cellular molds, & mushrooms).
- Plantae (some algae and all mosses ، ،ferns ،Conifer ،and flowering plants)
- Animalia (including, among others, sponges, worms, insects, vertebrates)
| The diversity of Microorganisms 1- Bacteria 2- Fungi 3- Algae 4- Viruses |
Classification of Bacteria:
B-Classification of bacteria according to:
B1 Size, Shape and Arrangement of bacterial cells
B2 Staining
B3 Oxygen need
1. B1. Size, Shape and Arrangement of bacterial cells
There are great many size and shapes among bacteria. Bacteria size range from 0.2μm in diameter and from
2-8μm in length
Shape of bacteria:
1.Spherical coccus
2.Rode shape bacillus
3.Spiral
-Cocci that remain in pairs after dividing are called diplococci
-These divides and remains attached in a chain like patterns are called streptococci
Those that divide into two planes and remain in-groups of four are known as tetrade
Those that divide in three plans and remain attached in cubic like groups of eight are called sarcinae
Those that divide in multiple planes and form grape like caster or broad shells are called staphylococci
Bacilli divide only across their short axis, so there are fewer grouping of bacilli than of cocci
Single bacillus
Diplobacilli
Streptobacilli
Coccobacilli
Spiral bacteria have one or more twist they are never straight
• Curved bacteria that look like commas are called
Spirochete Spirilla Vibrios
B-Classification of bacteria according to:
B1 Size, Shape and Arrangement of bacterial cells
B2 Staining
B3 Oxygen need
1. B1. Size, Shape and Arrangement of bacterial cells
There are great many size and shapes among bacteria. Bacteria size range from 0.2μm in diameter and from
2-8μm in length
Shape of bacteria:
1.Spherical coccus
2.Rode shape bacillus
3.Spiral
-Cocci that remain in pairs after dividing are called diplococci
-These divides and remains attached in a chain like patterns are called streptococci
Those that divide into two planes and remain in-groups of four are known as tetrade
Those that divide in three plans and remain attached in cubic like groups of eight are called sarcinae
Those that divide in multiple planes and form grape like caster or broad shells are called staphylococci
Bacilli divide only across their short axis, so there are fewer grouping of bacilli than of cocci
Single bacillus
Diplobacilli
Streptobacilli
Coccobacilli
Spiral bacteria have one or more twist they are never straight
• Curved bacteria that look like commas are called
Spirochete Spirilla Vibrios
